Apple have released Swift, their new programming language – designed to be familiar to Objective-C programmers and work well with the existing Cocoa frameworks. It’s far too soon to make substantial judgements about the language – that can only come after actually using it in real projects for some time. However, there’s nothing that stands out as incredibly broken, so with Apple’s backing it’s extremely unlikely that it won’t become a very commonly used language. After all, there’s plenty wrong with every other programming language and we manage to make do with them.

Did you know that it's perfectly fine to enjoy programming in both static and dynamic languages?

— Honza Pokorny (@_honza)

May 26, 2014

I do a lot of coding in Java and JavaScript and it’s never bothered me that one has static types and one dynamic (and I’ve used plenty of other languages from both camps as well – it amuses me slightly that the two I use most often tend to be viewed as the worst examples of each type). I can see pros and cons of both approaches – static typing detects a bunch of common errors sooner which saves time but there are inevitably times where you wind up just fighting the type system which wastes time again. Better statically typed languages waste less of your time but at some point they all cause pain that’s avoided with dynamic languages. It winds up coming down largely to personal preference and is a little affected by what you’re building.

Writing automated tests to prove software works correctly is now well established and relying solely or even primarily on manual testing is considered a “very bad sign”. A comprehensive automated test suite gives us a great deal of confidence that if we break something we’ll find out before it hits production.

Despite that, automated tests shouldn’t be our first line of defence against things going wrong. Sure they’re powerful, but all they can do is point out that something is broken, they can’t do anything to prevent it being broken in the first place.

Kevlin Henney’s talk from YOW is a great deconstruction of the SOLID principles, delving into what they really say as opposed to what people think they say, and what we can learn from them in a nuanced, balanced way.

Far too often we take these rules as absolutes under the mistaken assumption that if we always follow them, our software will be more maintainable. As an industry we seem to be seeking a silver bullet for architecture that solves all our problems just like we’ve searched for a silver bullet language for so long. There is value in these principles and we should take the time to learn from them, but they are just tools in our toolkit that we need to learn not only how to use, but when.

Human Resource Executive Online has an interesting story related to my previous entry:

Ask yourself this question: If you were offered a new job in another city where you have no ties or networks, and you suspected that the job would probably not last more than three years (which is a good guess), how much of a raise would they have to give you to get you to move? Remember, you’d likely be trying to find a new job in a place where you don’t have any connections when that job ended. I suspect it would be a lot more than most employers are willing to pay.

Workshifting by Citrix Online CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

It seems like forever that people have been arguing that remote working is the future. Why limit yourself to just the people who live near your office when hiring? Why suffer the distractions of an office when you could define your own environment in your very own home? Why waste employee time commuting? Surely by now every employee would want to be working from wherever they choose and employers would be forced to accept it, if not actively encourage it to save on office costs and get the best employees.

I wanted to create a CSV file showing the number of JUnit tests in our codebase vs the number of Spock tests over time. I can count the number of tests, along with the revision pretty easily with:

git svn find-rev HEAD
find src/test -name '*Test.java' | wc -l
find src/test -name '*Spec.groovy' | wc -l

But that outputs the results on three separate lines and I really want them on one line with some separator (comma, space or tab). The simplest way to achieve that is:

Marco Cecconi – I don’t love the single responsibility principle:

The principle is arbitrary in itself. What makes one and only Reason To Change™ always, unequivocally better than two Reasons To Change™? The number one sounds great, but I’m a strong advocate of simple things and sometimes a class with more reasons to change is the simplest thing. I agree that we mustn’t do mega-classes that try to do too many different things, but why should a class have one single Reason To Change™? I flatly disagree with the statement. It’s not supported by any fact. I could say “three” reasons and be just as arbitrary. Interesting critique of the single responsibility pattern. The quote above is perhaps one of the weaker arguments against the single responsibility pattern but it struck a nerve with me because all too often we assume that because a rule sounds good it has some validity. In reality, picking one responsibility for a class is quite arbitrary and, as the article argues, deciding what a responsibility is is even more arbitrary.

Previously in the Testing@LMAX series I’ve mentioned the way we’ve provided isolation between tests, allowing us to run them in parallel. That isolation extends all the way up to supporting a multi-tenancy module called venues which allows us to essentially run multiple, functionally separate exchanges on a single deployment of the LMAX Exchange.

We use the isolation of venues to reduce the amount of hardware we need to run our three separate liquidity pools (LMAX Professional, LMAX Institutional and LMAX Interbank), but that’s not all. We actually use the isolation venues provide to extend our testing all the way into production.

One of the most common reasons people avoid writing end-to-end acceptance tests is how difficult it is to make them run fast. Primary amongst this is the time required to start up the entire service and shut it down again. At LMAX with the full exchange consisting of a large number of different services, multiple databases and other components start up is far too slow to be done for each test so our acceptance tests are designed to run against the same server instance and not interfere with each other.

Testing time related functions is always a challenge – generally it involves adding some form of abstraction over the system clock which can then be stubbed, mocked or otherwise controlled by unit tests in order to test the functionality. At LMAX we like the confidence that end-to-end acceptance tests give us but, like most financial systems, a significant amount of our functionality is highly time dependent so we need the same kind of control over time but in a way that works even when the system is running as a whole (which means it’s running in multiple different JVMs or possibly even on different servers).

LMAX has invested quite a lot of time into building a suite of automated tests to verify the behaviour of our exchange. While the majority of those tests are unit or integration tests that run extremely fast, in order for us to have confidence that the whole package fits together in the right way we have a lot of end-to-end acceptance tests as well.

These tests deliver a huge amount of confidence and are thus highly valuable to us, but they come at a significant cost because end-to-end tests are relatively time consuming to run. To minimise the feedback cycle we want to run these tests in parallel as much as possible.